Recognized by UNESCO for its “watchmaking urbanism,” alongside its neighbor La Chaux-de-Fonds, the town of Le Locle, in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel, fully embraces its watchmaking history. And rightly so, as the “city of precision” is known to be the cradle of Swiss watchmaking, particularly thanks to the advancements made by Daniel JeanRichard. A heritage that is evident even in the layout of its streets.

A Look at Le Locle’s Watchmaking History

The watchmaking prosperity of the town of Le Locle, which began in the early years of the 18th century, is intimately linked to the presence of Daniel Jeanrichard on its lands. Precocius, the young man, originally from La Sagne, managed to repair a traveler’s watch on his own before embarking on the creation of his own model, without any assistance. He opened his workshop in 1705, the first in a long series in the municipality.

Once established in Le Locle, the activity quickly boomed: in 1750, 77 watchmakers worked there; half a century later, there were 800! Traditional crafts, particularly lace making, disappeared in favor of watch design and production. Marine chronometers and pocket watches transformed the city into a major production center, especially thanks to the invention of “établissage” which accelerated labor, before the opening of the first factories, at the end of the 19th century, shifted Le Locle – and global watchmaking – into industrialization. Machine tools soon followed, with well-known success.

This prosperity is primarily owed to the great inventors who walked these lands. Among the most prominent are: Philippe DuBois, Georges Favre-Jacot, Jacques-Frédéric Houriet, Daniel JeanRichard, Jules Juergensen, Sylvain Mairet, Ulysse Nardin, Abraham-Louis Perrelet, Charles-Émile and Charles-Félicien Tissot.

Urban Planning Adapted to Watchmaking Industrialization

With its 10,000 inhabitants and its glacial winter climate (regularly reaching -30 degrees), this border town of Villers-le-Lac, in the French department of Doubs, comfortably nestled between the Swiss Jura mountains, might never have gained recognition if watches and clocks had not played such a significant role there. However, the predominance of precision mechanisms was such that, rapidly, driven by the proliferation of workshops, the town transformed into a true watchmaking city. In the early 19th century, three unfortunate fires, one after another, partially destroyed the municipality and led the authorities to completely rethink its urban planning: this would henceforth be exclusively geared towards clock production, as if the city itself were becoming a production tool.

This astonishing example of urban planning, ordered according to a single industrial activity, was recognized by UNESCO, which inscribed Le Locle’s watchmaking urbanism in 2009 on the World Heritage List, alongside that of its neighbor La Chaux-de-Fonds. In these two towns, the advancements and needs of watchmaking industrialization transformed even the district plans: a grid pattern, open and forming parallel strips; workers’ quarters accommodating the significant workforce required for watch and clock manufacturing; and buildings designed to serve as both workshops and residences.

A Heritage more Alive than Ever

Far from relegating this watchmaking heritage to the past, Le Locle continues to radiate its watch culture throughout the Jura mountains. Watch enthusiasts are invited to participate in numerous activities, including a Watchmaking Trail. This trail unfolds over 39 stages, starting from the Place du Marché, to discover the town and its heritage dedicated to watchmakers of yesterday and today, before concluding with a guided tour of the Watchmaking Museum located at Château des Monts. Inside, ticking wonders await lovers of precision: a collection of clocks and watches, tools and machines, mechanisms and automatons. All presented for viewing in a magnificent Louis XVI style residence, formerly owned by a local master watchmaker.

Furthermore, in collaboration with La Chaux-de-Fonds, Le Locle annually hosts, since 2010, a Biennial of Watchmaking Heritage. An additional opportunity to visit the buildings and workshops that forged Le Locle’s heritage, but also to explore the most modern manufactures.

Le Locle Perpetuates its Great Watchmaking Tradition

Today, Le Locle’s economy continues to prosper – clockwise, of course. The oldest and most renowned workshops (Audemars Piguet, Tissot, Rolex, Ulysse Nardin, Zenith) coexist with recently established companies (Jossi, founded in the city of precision in 1974), and manufacturers of advanced mechanisms are located near dial designers and other engravers (such as Metalem or Jean Singer & Cie). Even watches pay homage to the town: launched on the occasion of Tissot’s 150th anniversary, the Tissot Le Locle Automatic honors the timepieces that preceded it.

And because tradition deserves to be perpetuated, Le Locle also takes charge of training future great local watchmakers, through two institutions: the Haute École Arc Ingénierie; and the École technique du Locle, also known as the Interregional Training Center of the Neuchâtel Mountains (Cifom-ET), founded in 1868 and divided into the school of trades, the technical vocational school, and the higher technical school.

In Le Locle, the watchmaking tradition is a mechanism that engages all its cogs to continue functioning. And, like Time itself, this mechanism is not about to stop.